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| caption = Western Slavonian towns on map of Croatia (JNA-held area in late December 1991 is in red) | place = Western Slavonia, Croatia | date = 31 October – 4 November 1991 | result = Croatian victory | combatant1 = | combatant2 = SAO Western Slavonia Yugoslav Air Force | strength1 = 2,647 troops 48 artillery pieces 12 armoured vehicles | strength2 = 1,750 troops 22 artillery pieces 8 armoured vehicles | commander1 = Franjo Kovačević | commander2 = Rade Čakmak | casualties1 = 5 killed Dozens wounded | casualties2 = 24 killed | casualties3 = 22 Serb civilians killed, and 4,000 displaced }} Operation Swath-10 ((クロアチア語:Operacija Otkos-10)) was a military offensive undertaken by the Croatian Army (''Hrvatska vojska'', or HV) against the SAO Western Slavonia Territorial Defense Forces on Bilogora Mountain in western Slavonia. Occurring from 31 October to 4 November 1991, during the Croatian War of Independence, the operation was a Croatian victory and its success set the stage for follow-up advances by Croatian forces on Papuk Mountain in Operation Papuk-91 in late November and December. By the end of the year the HV gained control of Papuk, securing transport routes between eastern Slavonia and the rest of Croatia. The offensives were accompanied by the displacement of most of the Croatian Serb population of the area captured by the HV. The refugees initially fled to Bosnia and Herzegovina, but the majority were soon settled in the Yugoslav People's Army-held Baranja region of eastern Croatia. The offensive provoked accusations that Croatian troops had committed ethnic cleansing and civil-rights abuses; these accusations were disproven by a European Community Monitor Mission (ECMM) report after an ECMM team tour of the area captured by Croatian forces two days after the offensive ended. During Operation Papuk-91 the retreating paramilitary White Eagles perpetrated the Voćin massacre, and its war crimes were prosecuted at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. ==Background== (詳細は1991 Yugoslav campaign in Croatia, the 5th (Banja Luka) Corps of the Yugoslav People's Army (''Jugoslovenska Narodna Armija'', or JNA) was tasked with advancing north through western Slavonia from Okučani to Daruvar and Virovitica and with a secondary drive from Okučani towards Kutina. This was essentially consistent with the line expected to be reached by the main thrust of the JNA, advancing from eastern Slavonia in about a week. The link was designed to facilitate a further advance west, to Zagreb and Varaždin. The corps had deployed a battlegroup of the 265th Mechanised Brigade near Okučani, supporting an advance which began on 21 September and reached the Papuk Mountains. The corps received one artillery and two motorised brigades as reinforcements during the advance, but the desertion and morale problems experienced by the JNA elsewhere also existed in the Banja Luka Corps. The JNA was stopped by the Croatian National Guard (''Zbor Narodne Garde'', or ZNG) between Novska, Nova Gradiška and Pakrac, although SAO Western Slavonia Territorial Defense Forces (''Teritorijalna odbrana'', or TO) units took up positions on the Bilogora and Papuk north of Pakrac (near Virovitica and Slatina) with no JNA support. The capture of Ivanovo Selo, east of Grubišno Polje and north of Daruvar, on 21 September marked the territorial peak of the TO-held area on the Bilogora. The village was recaptured by the ZNG the same day, with seven dead and fifteen wounded.〔 On 1 October, the Banja Luka Corps began probing attacks in the region before a major effort with most of the corps three days later. The advance established defensive positions just outside Novska and Nova Gradiška. On 6 October Pakrac was briefly isolated when the JNA captured Batinjani (northwest of the town), blocking the last road available to supply the town. The ZNG recaptured the village the same day, driving the JNA back at a cost of 22 killed. The JNA captured Jasenovac on 8 October; Lipik and part of Pakrac were captured four days later.〔 By then, the JNA offensive in western Slavonia had lost momentum and the ZNG made minor advances north of Novska and west of Nova Gradiška on 13 and 16 October.〔 Croatian authorities no longer considered the war situation critical, issuing an order to plan a counter-offensive for 15 October. On 29 October, the ZNG launched Operation Hurricane-91 against positions held by the JNA and the TO near Novska and Nova Gradiška. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation Swath-10」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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